Endocrine Abstracts

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is characterized by the occurrence of tumors involving two or more endocrine glands; MEN 2 is defined by medullary thyroid carcinoma in association with phaeochromocytoma and appears in several clinical variants, which may be inherited as autosomal dominant syndromes. Mutational analysis of RET protooncogene has been use in the diagnosis and management of patients and families with MEN 2 variants.Aim: In this study, we ...

Background: Cushing’s syndrome is represented by the cummulation of signs and symptoms of excess glucocorticoids and has many potential causes. Approximately 20 percent of all cases are represented by ACTH-independent adrenal tumors – with a majority of these being represented by cortisol secreting adrenal adenomas. Generally, a large adrenal tumor has over 5 cm in diameter and the risk of it being malignant raises proportionately with the dimensions. Large adrenal t...

Background: Prolonged ingestion of licorice has been known to cause hypokalemia and resistant hypertension amongst other disturbances. This is due to glycyrrhizin that inhibits the 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme type 2 which results into increased plasma cortisol levels that stimulate the mineralocorticoid receptors resulting into apparent mineralocorticoid excess.Case report: A 45-year-old woman resident in an iodine sufficient area, heav...

Background: Subacute thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and an atypical form of thyroiditis due to primary injury of the thyroid gland by SARS Cov2 itself are complications of COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is also expressed in the thyroid gland. On the other hand, both untreated thyrotoxicosis and COVID-19 affects heart, generating cardiac complications.Case report: A 36-year-old woman resident in an iodine sufficient area, heavy smoker, pre...

Context: The current pandemic showed a great handling of the resources and research in order to find not only a way to cure but also to prevent and improve the course of the Covid-19 infection. Optimal vitamin D (VD) levels and treatment was seen as a potential aid due, in principal, to its immunomodulatory effect. The ACE-2 receptor is the key the virus uses for entering the body, but its location is not restricted to the lungs, it’s also found in the adrenal cortex. At ...

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency, estimated to affect almost one billion people worldwide. Multiple factors influence 25(OH)D levels: nutrition, sunlight exposure, outdoor physical activity, skin color. Patients with active acromegaly (AA) have lower 25(OH)D levels compared with healthy population and are at a higher risk to develop vitamin D deficiency. Also, some studies have suggested a possible protective role of vitamin D on the c...

Background: During the past decades, the prevalence of both obesity and differentiated thyroid carcinoma increased worldwide. The link between obesity and thyroid cancer is controversial. Some studies found a relationship between obesity and thyroid carcinoma (especially BRAFV600E mutated) and between type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid cancer, while other did not. Aim: To assess the relationship between papillary thyroid carcinoma and increa...